John Beyer, MD. Professor of psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center. Durham, NC. Dr. Beyer has consulted for Express Scripts. Relevant financial relationships listed for the author have been mitigated.
With numerous treatment options available for bipolar depression and mania, clinicians often struggle to navigate between medication classes in balancing side effects, efficacy, and costs. Dr. Beyer shares his expertise in choosing first-, second-, third-, and fourth-line options based on their evidence in older adults.