Circe Cooke, MD. Child and adolescent psychiatrist, Presbyterian Healthcare Services, Albuquerque, NM. Jacob Margulis-Kessel, MA. Educator, Oakland, CA. Dr. Cooke and Mr. Margulis-Kessel have no financial relationships with companies related to this material.
The placebo effect is real, measurable, and often stronger in children than adults, yet it’s routinely underused. This update explains the neurobiology behind placebo response, how "placebo by proxy" shapes outcomes through caregiver expectations, and how to use open-label placebo approaches ethically and effectively in everyday clinical practice.
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