Publisher: Daniel Carlat, MD

Founding Editor: Mark Ruffalo, MSW, DPsa

Deputy Editor: Talia Puzantian, PharmD, BCPP, professor, Keck Graduate Institute School of Pharmacy in Claremont, CA

Senior Editor: Ilana Fogelson
Director of Digital Content: Laurie Martin
Associate Editor: Harmony Zambrano

Editorial Board:

Osman M. Ali, MD, staff psychiatrist, VA North Texas Health Care System; associate professor, department of psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, TX

Anthony Charuvastra, MD, assistant professor, department of child and adolescent psychiatry, NYU Langone in New York, NY

Sophia F. Dziegielewski, PhD, LCSW, retired professor with the School of Social Work, University of Central Florida in Orlando, FL

Mara Goverman, LCSW, private practice in Southern California

Jessica Katon, LCSW, psychotherapist at VA Connecticut (VACT) in West Haven, CT

Terence Keane, PhD, professor of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology at Boston University in Boston, MA

Timothy J. Legg, PhD, PsyD, MSN, MPA, MSc Legg Counseling & Consulting Services, LLC in Clarks Summit, PA

Ashley Pierson, PhD, psychologist in private practice in Brooklyn, NY

David S. Prescott, LCSW, director of Safer Society's Continuing Education Center and an independent consultant and evaluator in Middlebury, VT

Elisa M. Rambo, MD, psychiatrist in private practice in California and Connecticut

Rebecca Resnik, PsyD, psychologist, researcher, and President of The Maryland Psychological Association in Columbia, MD

Marianne Silva, LCSW, clinical social worker at VA Connecticut (VACT), certified in EMDR

Peter Smith, PsyD, psychologist, multidisciplinary assessment and staffing team (MAST) at Charles H. Hickey School in Parkville, MD

Glen Spielmans, PhD, associate professor of psychology at Metropolitan State University in St. Paul, MN

All editorial content is peer-reviewed by the editorial board. Dr. Carlat, Dr. Ruffalo, Dr. Puzantian, Ms. Fogelson, Ms. Martin, Ms. Zambrano, Dr. Ali, Dr. Charuvastra, Dr. Dziegielewski, Ms. Goverman, Ms. Katon, Dr. Keane, Dr. Legg, Dr. Pierson, Mr. Prescott, Dr. Rambo, Dr. Resnik, Ms. Silva, Dr. Smith, and Dr. Spielmans have disclosed that they have no relevant financial or other interests in any commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity. This CME/CE activity is intended for psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, psychologists, and other health care professionals with an interest in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Carlat Publishing occasionally uses artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as ChatGPT and Bard, in various stages of our content creation process, such as editing articles and creating preliminary drafts and outlines. In all cases, our content is extensively revised during the editorial process by human clinicians and by our board of medical experts to ensure quality and accuracy.

As of January 2025