Introduction: When patients become agitated and threatening, we often think first about chemical or physical restraints, particularly if staff safety is at risk. But coercive interventions can be degrading and might escalate the agitation and violence. Verbal de-escalation techniques can be very effective in calming a patient and potentially eliminating the need for forceful interventions. In this guide we review the key principles of verbal de-escalation.

Introduction: Once you see a case of postpartum psychosis, you’ll never forget it. New mothers who appear stable one day can become severely impaired almost overnight. These mothers are in no condition to care for their newborns and, in extreme cases, might even pose a danger to the child. Here we dive into the key points in identifying and managing this challenging condition

Introduction: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective approach for patients with various mental health disorders, including anxiety, depression, PTSD, and OCD —but only if they demonstrate motivation and a commitment to complete therapeutic exercises and apply learned coping mechanisms.

Introduction: The MSE provides a structured way of observing and describing a patient's current mental state. Here we review the MSE’s various components and typical descriptors.

Introduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) is surprisingly common, affecting 10%–20% of new mothers in the first year after giving birth. Severe cases may require inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. Here we review key principles in the diagnosis and treatment of PPD.

Introduction: When managing agitation in children and adolescents in hospital settings, you're not just focusing on their immediate safety and that of those around them; you're also trying to minimize the potential trauma that can occur in such high-stress environments. In this guide, we'll walk through the core principles for handling these sensitive situations.

Introduction: Conducting a capacity evaluation is a critical aspect of healthcare, particularly when you’re faced with patients who may not be able to make informed decisions about their treatment. Any physician can evaluate a patient’s capacity, but psychiatric clinicians are often consulted to assist with cases where mental illness or cognitive impairment might be influencing the patient’s decision-making abilities.

Note: Information is accurate as of April 2023. Listing is alphabetical by brand name. Abbreviations used: LAI (Long Acting Injectable); ODT (orally disintegrating tablet); IM (intramuscular); EPS (extra pyramidal symptoms); TD (tardive dyskinesia).

Introduction: When new mothers are admitted to the inpatient psychiatric unit, they might ask about the safety of taking psychiatric medications while breast-feeding. If they were nursing an infant prior to admission, provide them with a breast pump so they can continue producing milk. The milk should be refrigerated until a family member or designated person can pick it up. Most psychiatric medications pose little risk to breastfeeding infants. Here’s a guide to the safety of psychiatric medications during breastfeeding.

Introduction: The DSM-5 shifted from the term "Conversion Disorder" to "Functional Neurologic Disorder (FND)." This change emphasizes the neurological nature of symptoms, focusing on their functional aspect rather than suggesting a psychological "conversion."