Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

Dopamine agonists are effective first-line agents for RLS though rates of problematic impulsive or compulsive behaviors can be high.

Armodafinil is an effective wake-promoting agent with some potential for abuse and for drug interactions. 

St. John’s wort may be considered for short-term treatment of mild to moderate depression, especially in patients seeking natural options. However, its extensive drug interaction profile limits broader clinical use.

Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

Ambien is the original Z-drug, having been initially FDA approved in 1992.

Zaleplon is the only sleeping pill that can be taken at 3 or 4 am without causing functional impairment when the patient gets out of bed a few hours later.

Low-dose doxepin is effective for sleep maintenance insomnia and is generally well tolerated at hypnotic doses, with minimal anticholinergic effects compared to higher antidepressant doses.

Buspirone is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic that is not habit-forming and does not cause sedation, but it takes time to work and is less effective for acute anxiety.