Risperidone offers more efficacy and safety data in kids than other antipsychotics and is often used first-line in autistic kids, but you need to expect and monitor for EPS, prolactinemia, and weight gain.

Compared to carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine poses less concern for drug interactions and for hepatic or hematologic toxicities; it also does not require serum level monitoring.

Dexmethylphenidate (d-MPH, brand name Focalin) is the D-isomer of methylphenidate and is twice as potent as methylphenidate. 

Very high expense and unpleasant side effects make this form of nicotine replacement therapy difficult to recommend as a first-line option since no single therapy has been shown to be more effective than another. 

First-line intervention for those patients who can stop smoking at initiation of therapy; nicotine in the form of gum or lozenge may act as a substitute oral activity, which may aid in behavior modification.

Naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, is the first-line medication for alcohol use disorder—though it is also approved for opioid use disorder.

Opioid replacement therapy via methadone reduces or eliminates illicit use of opioids and criminality associated with opioid use, supporting health and social functioning. 

Opioid replacement therapy via methadone reduces or eliminates illicit use of opioids and criminality associated with opioid use, supporting health and social functioning. 

Disulfiram is an aversive treatment, causing a buildup of ethanol’s metabolite acetaldehyde in the serum, which in turn causes symptoms such as flushing, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting.

The combination product is preferred over buprenorphine alone for maintenance because the addition of naloxone affords it a lower potential for injection misuse.