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ARTICLES

Rethinking 12-Step Referrals

June 13, 2026

Daniel Carlat, MD

How to make a 12-step referral patients will actually try.

Understanding 12-Step Programs: A Guide for Clinicians

January 1, 2026

Brian Fuehrlein, MD, PhD and Khaled Draghmeh, MD

Khaled Draghmeh, MD. Postdoctoral associate, psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT.

Brian Fuehrlein, MD, PhD. Associate professor of psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; director, psychiatric emergency room, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT.

Dr. Draghmeh and Dr. Fuehrlein have no financial relationships with companies related to this material.

Twelve-step programs remain widely used yet poorly understood in clinical practice. This article outlines the twelve steps, demystifies what happens in meetings, how sponsorship and “90 in 90” support recovery, and how clinicians can address common reservations to make referrals more effective and patient-centered.