How to separate adult ADHD from other causes of cognitive problems like bipolar disorder, sleep apnea, medication effects, brain injury, temperament, and malingering.

The modern DSM began as a short list of 12 well-validated diagnoses. But the list expanded as the authors changed the goals from validity to reliability. Lost in this history is a missing page that helps separate adult ADHD from its mimics.

Nine studies have tried to find out whether ADHD can start in adulthood, we dig into the data and find some answers to the controversy.

No drug targets autism's core symptoms, but medications from antipsychotics to leucovorin can address irritability, sleep, attention, and other co-occurring challenges.

DSM-5 loosened the criteria for adult ADHD, but did it get too lose? We look at what recent prosecutions of telehealth companies mean for those trying to diagnose this disorder on the front-lines.

Women clear some psychiatric medications more slowly, lose bone density at higher rates, and face greater medical consequences from alcohol and smoking than men. This final episode in a four-part series covers side effects, drug metabolism, drugs of abuse, urine incontinence, and what we do — and don't — know about prescribing for transgender patients.

Estrogen shapes nearly every neurotransmitter system in the brain, and when it starts to fall, psychiatric disorders often follow. This episode walks through what psychiatrists need to know about the perimenopause: which conditions worsen, which treatments help, and when to call the OB-GYN about hormone replacement therapy.

Premenstrual hormones can destabilize mood, worsen ADHD, trigger psychosis, and drive binge eating. This episode walks through the tools to manage hormonal fluctuations in female patients, from SSRIs to overlooked supplements to the lamotrigine-contraceptive drug interaction.

Women and men respond to psychiatric medications differently. In this first of a four-part series, Chris Aiken and Kellie Newsome walk through why valproate is risky for women, and when it’s worth using; why the FDA cut the zolpidem dose in half for female patients, and why SSRIs outperform tricyclics in women with depression. Plus: a sneak preview of DSM-6.