Benzodiazepines can be a tricky class of medications to manage, especially in inpatient settings where patients may have complex needs or a history of substance use.

Paliperidone is the active metabolite of risperidone.

Haloperidol is an effective, inexpensive first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) with low weight gain potential and a long history of use, but its clinical utility is limited by extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and the risk of tardive dyskinesia.

Fluphenazine is an effective, inexpensive first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) with a long history of use, but its utility is limited in some patients due to extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and the risk of tardive dyskinesia.

Nefazodone was once popular due to its low rate of sexual side effects, but its use has dramatically declined because of rare yet serious hepatic toxicity.

Atomoxetine is a nonstimulant attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment that carries no abuse potential, causes less insomnia and anxiety, and is unlikely to worsen tics.

L-methylfolate, the active form of folic acid, is required to synthesize neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.

Cariprazine is a partial dopamine agonist similar to aripiprazole and brexpiprazole.

Vilazodone is essentially an SSRI with added buspirone-like 5-HT1A partial agonist effects.