In 1966, Johns Hopkins opened the first gender surgery clinic in the US. Thirteen years later, a single study shut it down. We examine what the research said, what it didn't say, and how new standards of care emerged from the ashes.
The president of the US branch of WPATH built one of the largest youth gender clinics in the country, then watched it close under political fire. Now she's facing a malpractice lawsuit from a former patient. We examine the unpublished study at the center of the controversy.
Medical societies are reversing decades of support for gender-affirming care in youth — but is it the science driving the shift, or the politics? This episode walks through the evidence, from randomized trials to regret rates, and finds a more complicated picture than either side presents.
It's easy to treat xerostomia as a nuisance, low on the priority list when you're managing psychosis or depression. But left unaddressed, it quietly does real damage.
In December 2025, Flow did in fact receive FDA Approval, based on data from the Empower trial. Before that, it had been marketed under FDA clearance—a lower evidentiary bar. That correction matters—and it sharpens the question many subscribers have been asking me: How much does FDA approval tell us about real‑world effectiveness?
A parent sits across from you and asks, "Why can't my child just take the same anxiety medicine that helps me?” Sounds reasonable, but the evidence tells a very different story.
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