Many consider olanzapine to be more effective than other antipsychotics and just below clozapine in overall efficacy. Its strong effectiveness, once-daily dosing, and low QT-prolongation risk are appealing.

Light therapy is an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder and possibly for nonseasonal depression as well. 

Tasimelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist approved for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder (N24SWD), which occurs primarily in blind people.

Pitolisant is the only noncontrolled substance approved for narcolepsy, but limited experience and higher cost make it a second-line option after modafinil and armodafinil.

Solriamfetol is a wakefulness promoter with a different mechanism of action (dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition) from modafinil and armodafinil.

Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

While modafinil can be helpful for many causes of excessive sleepiness, realize that many people end up using it off-label for lifestyle enhancement, such as working, studying, and partying.

Dopamine agonists are effective first-line agents for RLS though rates of problematic impulsive or compulsive behaviors can be high.

Armodafinil is an effective wake-promoting agent with some potential for abuse and for drug interactions.